ABSTRACT
In the formative project of the International Doctorate Program in “Architecture and Urban Phenomenology”, the different urban phenomena are investigated at the same time in the composition, historical and representation area. This is the context of our interest in the phenomenology of urban connections that have generated the cities and who have kept intact the uniqueness.
The morphological, spatial and material characteristics of the urban texture, mainly modifying radiative and convective exchanges, determine the specific microclimate of an urban space. The microclimate analysis of an urban texture, defined as a set of connected buildings, streets and squares, is conducted by identifying how and in what way the specific aspects of that part of the texture change the values of climatic variables on a local scale. The physical urban space can be seen as a system that assimilates energy and returns it under other invisible forms that depend on the organization of the space in an environment and by its composition. Generally large urban sites produce local climatic conditions more extreme than those that occur in a non-urbanized one: a greater urban density produces a drier climate, with higher and fluctuating temperatures, with less wind and a higher pollution rate, which reduces solar radiation. The urban morphology, ie the three-dimensional shape of a set of buildings and urban spaces, is crucial in terms of external microclimate and environmental quality. The type of urban form affects very strongly the wind distribution in the urban texture. The size, shape and the proportion of streets, courtyards, squares and gardens affect access to solar radiation and have an indefinite number of specific microclimates, small areas with very different conditions which may be decisive in the heat island urban configuration.
To describe and model the interaction of the urban texture with the energy and climate the following aspects should be considered: location, form factors, physical limitations and natural vegetable components of the system.
The research, on the topics of knowledge for the recovery of memory and identity of the architectural character of a place, started with the analysis and the survey of localized parts of a significant number of case studies located in the South of Italy and in the Mediterranean area and was consolidated with insights into southern and eastern China. The aim was to understand and describe the genesis of architectural types, urban junctions, forms and ways of living, which characterizes these cities and gives life to the complex urban organism.
This work therefore proposes to identify the essential principles, criteria and models for the construction of urban ecolabelling systems, notably by focusing on air and thermal pollution phenomena such as the effects of energy-hungry cities to suggest visions and strategic actions in the refurbishment, preservation, design and planning.
In this way it is possible to bring to the attention of other scholars and researchers, including international one, the contribution of ideas and thoughts that the architectural tradition and the Italian sensibility may provide, for the recovery and conservation of cultural heritage ancient or recent.
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AUTHORS
Tiziana Cardinale
DiCEM, Unibas, Matera, Italia
Born in Bari on 03.03.1985.
Engineer-Architect. Graduated at the Polytechnic of Bari (April 2011). International PhD Student in "Architecture and Urban Phenomenology" at the University of Basilicata (Matera). Winner of a scholarship issued by the municipality of Bari for the thesis entitled "The urban heat island in the energy planning". Her works are about bioclimatic architecture and energy evaluations, particularly in the context of the recovery of traditional heritage. took part in numerous conferences, courses and summer schools, national and international. She is currently attending the training stage at the ETSAM (Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid).
Marianna Calia
International PhD, integrated SSD ICAR/14-17-18. Administrative Office: University of Basilicata. Consortia: Faculty of Engineering of Salerno, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arcquitectura de Madrid, Universidade de Lisboa Technology, Hochschule Bremen
Born in Foggia 21.05.1982.
Architect. Graduated at the Polytechnic of Bari (February 2007). PhD in 'Architecture and Urban Phenomenology' (March 2011). Winner of research grants in Europe and China, she spent several months in Guangzhou, at SCUT (South China University of Technology) and GUP&RC (Guangzhou Urban Planning and Research Center) and in Madrid at ETSAM (Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura). Has participated in numerous conferences and research projects, national and international, on the theme of regeneration and restoration of architectural heritage. She is currently a lecturer at the School of Architecture of Matera, University of Basilicata.
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